A Moment of Silence Milwaukee 2015: Jobs

So far, in connection with the post, "Silent Reflection for each of the Victims of Violence within an American City," and with it the chronicle of violent homicides within Milwaukee for the year 2015, a number of subjects have been addressed in detail that either impact or illustrate some aspect of the state of the city.

To date these have been -

Past homicide statistics for the city. See May, 2015, post http://milwaukeegunviolence2015.blogspot.com/2015/05/recent-homicide-numbers.html.
The inordinate number of vacant lots, vacant buildings, and buildings pending demolitions within the city. See June, 2015, post http://milwaukeegunviolence2015.blogspot.com/2015/06/vacant-lots-vacant-buildings-pending.html.
The changing face of the Milwaukee metro area population. See January, 2016, post http://milwaukeegunviolence2015.blogspot.com/2016/01/milwaukee-area-population-changes-and.html.
The extreme segregation present in the Milwaukee metro area. See January, 2016, post http://milwaukeegunviolence2015.blogspot.com/2016/01/milwaukee-metro-area-segregation.html.
The extraordinary levels of African American incarceration existing within the region. See February, 2016, post http://milwaukeegunviolence2015.blogspot.com/2016/02/incarceration-levels-milwaukee-and.html.
The loss of large numbers of well-paying manufacturing jobs through deindustrialization and decentralization. See February, 2016, post http://milwaukeegunviolence2015.blogspot.com/2016/02/deindustrialization-and.html.

A host of other topics are worth reviewing, and may be addressed in future posts. For now, however, all that is to be done is to list some of the possible subjects, one by one, along with a referenced image or two, where possible, highlighting each subject's significance as it relates to the health of the city.

In no particular order, some of these subjects are -

Poverty
Unemployment
Employment
Job gap, job loss, redistribution of jobs
Segregated construction trades
Wages, job types, future jobs
Median household income, income inequality, metro income disparity
Public transportation, live vs. work
Deunionization
Drivers license disparities
Milwaukee municipal court fines
Milwaukee zip code 53206
Foreclosures
Education
Lead poisoning
Socioeconomic analysis
Crime in general

The following image relating to the subject of poverty is taken from a July, 2014, draft report by the City of Milwaukee, titled, Growing Prosperity (http://media.jrn.com/documents/growing-prosperity-draft-7-2-14.pdf):

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The following 2 images relating to the subject of unemployment are taken from a 2012 working paper by the UW-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development, titled, Race and Male Employment in the Wake of the Great Recession (http://www4.uwm.edu/ced/publications/black-employment_2012.pdf):

(Census tracts where working age male unemployment exceeds 50%.)

(Census tracts where working age male unemployment exceeds 50%, Nov., 2011.)

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The following image relating to the subject of employment is taken from a July, 2013, report by the UW-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development, titled, Perspectives on the Current State of the Milwaukee Economy (http://www4.uwm.edu/ced/publications/perspectives.pdf):

(Metro area totals.)

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The following image relating to the subject of job gap, job loss, redistribution of jobs is taken from a February, 2013, working paper by the UW-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development, titled, The Skills Gap and Unemployment in Wisconsin (http://www4.uwm.edu/ced/publications/skillsgap_2013-2.pdf):

(In 2010, about 1/4 of all bartenders and retail salespersons had college degrees.)

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The following image relating to the subject of segregated construction trades is taken from a 2014 working paper by the UW-Milwaukee Employment and Training Institute, titled, A "Milwaukee Plan" for Construction Trade Apprenticeships? Workforce Challenges for 2014 (https://www4.uwm.edu/eti/2014/MilwaukeePlan.pdf):

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The following image relating to the subject of wages, job types, future jobs is taken from an October, 2014 working paper by the UW-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development, titled, Is Wisconsin Becoming a Low Wage Economy? (http://www4.uwm.edu/ced/publications/low-wage-wisconsin.pdf):

(Listed occupations reflect those with the most projected new job openings, as opposed to replacement.
Red highlights indicate wages less than $12.50 per hour.)

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The following image relating to the subject of median household income, income inequality, metro income disparity is taken from a July, 2013, report by the UW-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development, titled, Perspectives on the Current State of the Milwaukee Economy (http://www4.uwm.edu/ced/publications/perspectives.pdf):

(HH - household.)

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The following 2 images relating to the subject of public transportation, live vs. work are taken from a 2013 report by the Milwaukee-based Public Policy Forum, titled, Getting to Work: Opportunities and obstacles to improving transit service to suburban Milwaukee job hubs (http://publicpolicyforum.org/sites/default/files/GettingToWork.pdf):

(All are bus routes, and relatively few of them are express.)

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The following images relating to the subject of deunionization are taken from a February, 2016, report by the UW-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development, titled, Deunionization in Wisconsin and Metro Milwaukee: A Statistical Overview (http://www4.uwm.edu/ced/reports/deunionization-of-wisconsin.pdf):

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The following images relating to the subject of drivers license disparities are taken from two separate reports by the UW-Milwaukee Employment and Training Institute. The first, titled, Drivers Status Report for Milwaukee County (http://www4.uwm.edu/eti/2012/DriversStatusReport.pdf), is from 2012; the second, titled Cited in Milwaukee, the Cost of Unpaid Municipal Citations (http://www4.uwm.edu/eti/2015/CitedInMilwaukee.pdf), co-authored with the Justice Initiatives Institute, is from June, 2015:

(Only includes people within WI-DOT system.
Sus/rev - Suspensions / revocations.)

(This graphic is in connection with following item, Milw. Municipal Court.
OWI - operating while intoxicated.)

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The following images relating to the subject of Milwaukee municipal court fines are taken from a June, 2015 report by the UW-Milwaukee Employment and Training Institute, co-authored with the Justice Initiatives Institute, titled, Cited in Milwaukee, the Cost of Unpaid Municipal Citations (http://www4.uwm.edu/eti/2015/CitedInMilwaukee.pdf):

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The following images relating to the subject of Milwaukee zip code 53206 are taken from two separate reports. The first is taken from a 2014 paper by the UW-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development, titled, Zip Code 53206: A Statistical Snapshot of Inner City Distress in Milwaukee: 2000-2012 (http://www4.uwm.edu/ced/publications/53206_revised.pdf). The second is taken from a 2014 paper by the UW-Milwaukee Employment and Training Institute, titled, 12 to 1 Income Inequality Among Working Families in Milwaukee County (https://www4.uwm.edu/eti/2014/IncomeInequality.pdf):

(Disparity between this 2012 figure of $20,260 and previous one of $22,962 is unexplained at present; possibly a different data set has been used.
See map below for zip code locations.)

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The following image relating to the subject of foreclosures is taken from the City of Milwaukee "Map Milwaukee Portal" (http://city.milwaukee.gov/mapmilwaukee#.VYl28EbQOh5). Click on Strong Neighborhoods Plan tab for details:

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The following image relating to the subject of education is taken from a 2014 paper by the UW-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development, titled, Zip Code 53206: A Statistical Snapshot of Inner City Distress in Milwaukee: 2000-2012 (http://www4.uwm.edu/ced/publications/53206_revised.pdf):

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The following image relating to the subject of lead poisoning is taken from a 2013 report by the Center for Urban Population Health, titled, Milwaukee Health Report 2013, Health Disparities in Milwaukee by Socioeconomic Status (https://www.scribd.com/fullscreen/245382977?access_key=key-o5LicwFI00dqRY6xKRGD&allow_share=false&escape=false&show_recommendations=false&view_mode=scroll):

(City zip codes were sorted into 3 SES groups, Lower, Middle, Higher; see following item.
SES - Socioeconomic Status)

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The following images relating to the subject of socioeconomic analysis are taken from a 2013 report by the Center for Urban Population Health, titled, Milwaukee Health Report 2013, Health Disparities in Milwaukee by Socioeconomic Status (https://www.scribd.com/fullscreen/245382977?access_key=key-o5LicwFI00dqRY6xKRGD&allow_share=false&escape=false&show_recommendations=false&view_mode=scroll):

(Review of Milwaukee County zip codes that are at least partially within the City of Milwaukee, which is outlined in black.)

(SES Index is a measure of household income and education level within each zip code.
City zip codes sorted into 3 roughly even groups.)

The loss of manufacturing jobs in recent decades has altered the employment landscape for many Midwestern cities. Milwaukee is no exception. Manufacturing was and is only a subset of the job market for the region, and what follows is a review of only this sector of the job base, with some comments on the overall job market in recent decades. This post has been made in connection with the post "Silent Reflection for Each of the Victims of Violence Within an American City."

Here are some basic plot points on how the loss of manufacturing jobs, and decentralization of job growth, has affected the city of Milwaukee and the region:

1) Beginning in the 1960s, Milwaukee, along with other Frostbelt cities, shed tens of thousands of well-paying manufacturing jobs.
2) Manufacturing employment, only a subset of the city's total jobs, has shifted from 36% of the city's job base in 1970 to less than 10% today. (Specifics on other job sectors may be discussed later.)
3) Large numbers of new, along with relocated, manufacturing jobs begin to appear in the suburbs around 1970, peaking in 1997.
4) Loss of manufacturing jobs hit African American workers the hardest, as they live primarily in the City of Milwaukee.
5) New jobs (1994-2009), when they do appear, are located primarily in suburbs and WOW counties (Washington, Ozaukee, Waukesha).
6) In 2011 less than 17% of City of Milwaukee workers find employment in WOW counties.
7) This has led to a regional segmentation of the metro area labor market.
8) Lack of a robust regional public transportation system has created an unnecessary hurdle to employment for inner city residents (possibly more on this later).
9) Employment/unemployment figures, which are only briefly touched upon here in the text, begin to diverge widely between the City of Milwaukee and the surrounding WOW counties, especially regarding African American males (possibly more on this later).

(Ref. UW-Milw CED report, The Economic State of Milwaukee, 1990-2008)

The following 10 images are taken from a July, 2013, report by the UW-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development, titled, Perspectives on the Current State of the Milwaukee Economy (http://www4.uwm.edu/ced/publications/perspectives.pdf):

(Note on above text: Narrative remains unchanged, however, some percentages are slightly altered using updated numbers below; For Table 32 ref. see 2012 report immediately following.)

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Table 6, Manufacturing Jobs (this table supersedes version shown in report):

(Source: U.S. Bureau of Census, Economic Census; LEHD. MSA - Metro statistical area.)

(Total of all metro area workers, 714,838, and where they work by race)

(Total of all metro area workers and where they work;
Compare with Table 20 below from 2007 report)

(Percentage of residents from some neighboring municipalities that work in Milwaukee, incl. Milw.;
Mequon in Ozaukee, Germantown in Washington, Brookfield in Waukesha, all else in Milw. County)

(Broken down for where residents of each city/county work. Largest share within each row is highlighted.)

The following image is taken from a 2012 report by the UW-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development, titled, Race and Male Employment in the Wake of the Great Recession: Black Male Employment Rates in Milwaukee And the Nation’s Largest Metro Areas (http://www4.uwm.edu/ced/publications/black-employment_2012.pdf):

(Numbers are for the more general "Manufacturing" label, within metro area)

The following 11 images are taken from a March, 2007, report by the UW-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development, titled, The Crisis of Black Male Joblessness in Milwaukee (https://www4.uwm.edu/ced/publications/blackcrisis307.pdf). These figures may seem somewhat outdated, however, since 2007 there's been the Great Recession, with only a nominal recovery thereafter, so although the report is eight years old it is likely still very relevant:

(above percentages refer specifically to City of Milwaukee, as opposed to the metro area)

(For percentages noted here, refer also to Table 10 above from 2013 report for more recent figures)

(See Table 6 from 2013 report above for latest deindustrialization figures)

(Compare with Table 11 above from 2013 report)

(Compare to 2010 data shown in Table 10 of 2013 report above)

The following 5 images, focusing on manufacturing numbers between 1997-2007, including salaries and sales, are taken from a 2010 report by the UW-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development, titled The Economic State of Milwaukee, 1990-2008 (http://www4.uwm.edu/ced/publications/milwecon_2010.pdf). Also included is one table comparing manufacturing with other occupations:

The following 2 images are taken from a 2002 working paper from the UW-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development, titled The Economic Challenges Facing Milwaukee's Inner City, Statistical Snapshots (http://www4.uwm.edu/ced/snapshot/challenges_innercity.pdf):

(Compare with Table 9 from 2013 report shown above.)

(Inner City not defined, but is likely a census tract demarcation. See 2013 report above for more info.)

The following 7 images, comparing Milwaukee manufacturing with other Frostbelt cities, are taken from a 1998 report from the UW-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development, titled The Economic State of Milwaukee: The City and the Region (https://www4.uwm.edu/ced/publications/milwecon/about.cfm). Nothing new here; much of what's included has been incorporated into more recent data described above. Numbers are outdated, as latest year of data is 1992. It is interesting to note, however, that back then the growth in suburban manufacturing was seen as an overall positive for the region: